Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (HBE)

**How is the Test Performed?**

Ablood sampleis needed. In the laboratory, the technician deposits the blood sample onto specialized paper and then introduces an electric current. This process causes the hemoglobin molecules to migrate across the paper, forming distinct bands that indicate the quantity of each hemoglobin type.

When is this test recommended?

You may have this test if your health care provider suspects that you have a disorder caused by abnormal forms of hemoglobin (hemoglobinopathy).

Many different types of hemoglobin (Hb) exist. The most common ones are HbA, HbA2, HbE, HbF, HbS, HbC, HbH, and HbM. Healthy adults only have significant levels of HbA and HbA2.

Some people may also have small amounts of HbF. This is the main type of hemoglobin in an unborn baby's body. Certain diseases are associated with high HbF levels (when HbF is more than 2% of the total hemoglobin).

HbS is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with sickle cell anemia. In people with this condition, the red blood cells sometimes have a crescent or sickle shape. These cells easily break down or can block small blood vessels.

HbC is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with excessive red blood cell destruction and hemolytic anemia. The symptoms are much milder than they are in sickle cell anemia.

Other, less common, abnormal Hb molecules cause other types of anemia.

**How are Abnormal Results interpreted?**

Remarkable levels of abnormal hemoglobins may suggest:

• Hemoglobin C disease
• Inherited blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal amount of some hemoglobin molecules (thalassemia)
• Rare hemoglobinopathy
• Sickle cell anemia

If you've undergone a blood transfusion within the past 12 weeks of this test, it's possible to obtain results that are either falsely within the normal range or falsely abnormal.