Cardiolipin antibodies

What is the purpose of Cardiolipin antibody testing?

Cardiolipin antibody tests are frequently employed to investigate the underlying causes of:

1. Unexplained blood clot formation (thrombotic episode).
2. Recurrent miscarriages.
3. Prolonged results on coagulation (clotting) tests, such as PTT (partial thromboplastin time). In this context, the test is often conducted alongside lupus anticoagulant testing (e.g., dilute Russell viper venom test, DRVVT).

If cardiolipin antibodies are initially detected, it is typically advisable to repeat the test 12 weeks later to assess whether their presence is persistent or temporary. In individuals with a known autoimmune disorder who initially test negative for cardiolipin antibodies, periodic retesting may be recommended since these antibodies can develop at any point in the future.

When is Cardiolipin antibody test ordered?

Cardiolipin antibody testing is typically included in an evaluation for excessive clotting when an individual presents symptoms suggestive of a blood clot, especially if these symptoms recur. These signs and symptoms can vary depending on the clot's location.

If the clot is situated in the deep veins of the legs (known as deep vein thrombosis or DVT), a person might experience:

• Leg pain or tenderness, typically in one leg.
• Swelling of the leg (edema).
• Discoloration of the affected leg.

In cases where the clot affects the lungs (resulting in a pulmonary embolism), symptoms may include:

• Sudden shortness of breath and laboured breathing.
• Coughing and the presence of blood in the sputum (hemoptysis).
• Chest pain related to lung function.
• Rapid heart rate.

Cardiolipin antibody testing may also be ordered when a woman has experienced recurrent miscarriages. Additionally, it may be conducted concurrently with lupus anticoagulant testing when following up on prolonged PTT test results. If cardiolipin antibodies are initially detected, the test is often repeated after several weeks to determine whether the presence of these antibodies is temporary or persistent.

Furthermore, the test for cardiolipin antibodies may be requested when an individual presents signs and symptoms indicative of an autoimmune disorder and/or yields a positive result on an ANA test. This test can provide healthcare practitioners with additional information to assist in making a diagnosis. If cardiolipin antibodies are not initially detected in an individual with a confirmed autoimmune disorder like lupus, subsequent tests may be ordered in the future to screen for their development.

If I have cardiolipin antibodies, will I develop blood clots?

Not necessarily. Cardiolipin antibodies, while considered a risk factor for blood clotting and related complications, cannot definitively predict whether an individual will experience recurrent blood clots or the severity of such clots if they do occur. The presence of these antibodies serves as a risk indicator rather than a certain outcome predictor. Each person's risk and experience with blood clotting can vary significantly based on various factors, including their overall health, genetics, and additional medical conditions.

Is it important to inform healthcare providers about having cardiolipin antibodies?

Indeed, this information is a crucial component of your medical history. Even if you are not currently experiencing symptoms, your healthcare providers require this data to customize any medical procedures or treatment strategies, taking into account this risk factor.

What should I do before the test?

There is no preparation needed.